Terraform Workspaces for Environments

# List workspaces
terraform workspace list

# Create and switch
terraform workspace new dev
terraform workspace new staging
terraform workspace new prod

# Switch between them
terraform workspace select prod

locals {
  environment = terraform.workspace

  instance_count = {
    dev     = 1
    staging = 2
    prod    = 3
  }

  instance_type = {
    dev     = "t3.micro"
    staging = "t3.small"
    prod    = "t3.large"
  }
}

resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  count         = local.instance_count[local.environment]
  ami           = data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
  instance_type = local.instance_type[local.environment]

  tags = {
    Name        = "web-${local.environment}-${count.index}"
    Environment = local.environment
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket" "data" {
  bucket = "myapp-${terraform.workspace}-data"
}

resource "aws_db_instance" "main" {
  identifier = "myapp-${terraform.workspace}-db"
  # ...
}

terraform {
  backend "s3" {
    bucket = "my-terraform-state"
    key    = "app/terraform.tfstate"
    region = "eu-west-1"
  }
}

s3://my-terraform-state/env:/dev/app/terraform.tfstate
s3://my-terraform-state/env:/staging/app/terraform.tfstate
s3://my-terraform-state/env:/prod/app/terraform.tfstate

# Apply with workspace-specific variables
terraform workspace select prod
terraform apply -var-file="envs/${terraform.workspace}.tfvars"

#!/bin/bash
ENV=$1
terraform workspace select "$ENV" || terraform workspace new "$ENV"
terraform apply -var-file="envs/${ENV}.tfvars"

environments/
├── dev/
│   ├── main.tf
│   └── terraform.tfvars
├── staging/
│   ├── main.tf
│   └── terraform.tfvars
└── prod/
    ├── main.tf
    └── terraform.tfvars

# GitHub Actions
- name: Deploy to production
  env:
    TF_WORKSPACE: prod
  run: |
    terraform init
    terraform plan -var-file="envs/prod.tfvars" -out=tfplan
    terraform apply tfplan

# Switch away first
terraform workspace select default

# Delete (must have empty state)
terraform workspace delete dev